Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors provide a versatile platform for a extensive range of applications in chemical industries. These reactors utilize hollow fibers as the core structure to facilitate selective permeability between compartments. The special design of hollow fiber membranes facilitat

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) employed for wastewater treatment offer several advantages over traditional methods. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes are widely preferred due to their high mechanical strength, chemical resistance, and fouling resistance. , Nevertheless, performance optimiz